Exp022

=Objective= To determine the solubility of the nineteen liquid carboxylic acids and two aldehydes listed below in methanol
 * Formic acid || Glacial Acetic acid || Propionic acid || Butyric acid || Valeric acid ||
 * Hexanoic acid || Octanoic acid ||   Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid || Isovaleric acid || Cyclohexanepropionic acid ||
 * 2-Ethylhexoic acid || 3-Mercaptopropionic acid || Methacrylic acid || Linoleic acid || Trichloroacetic acid ||
 * Methoxy acetic acd || 2-Octenoic acid || (+)-2-phenyl butyric acid || 2-Methyl butyric acid || 2-Ethyl butyraldehyde ||
 * trans-2-hexen-1-al ||  ||   ||   ||   ||

=Procedure= A solution of liquid acids and aldehydes in methanol was prepared by adding 2mL of the acid /aldehyde drop-wise in 600uL methanol in one dram vial. Misciblity of the compound was visually confirmed and pictures were obtained. =Results= Fully miscible solutions of aldehydes in methanol. [|Acid Solutions 1-7] [|Acid Solutions 8-14] [|Acid Solutions 15-19] [|Aldehyde Solutions 20, 21]  [|Spreadsheet] [|Methanol: Hexanes solutions] =Discussion= Since all the liquid acids and aldehydes used in this experiment, were found to to be fully miscible in methanol (Separation of layers was not seen during the addition of the compounds to methanol). Concentration of their saturated saturated solutions therefore can be calculated using there densities. Miscibility experiment performed for binary solutions of methanol / hexanes shows that there is a miscibility gap only for certain compositions, others form homogeneous solutions. Solutions with methanol mole fractions ranging 0.38-0.71 formed two phases and solutions with methanol mole fractions from 0.76-0.94 from homogenous solutions. This is consistent with [|Max and Chapados 2008] paper. Based on the observations from this experiment and also from the literature it seems reasonable to assume that binary solutions may have a miscibility gap for certain compositions only. =Conclusion= The concentrations of liquid aldehydes, and there saturated solutions in methanol are tabulated below.


 * ===Compopund=== || ===Conc (M)=== ||
 * Formic acid (99%) || 26.5 ||
 * Acetic acid || 17.5 ||
 * Propionic acid || 13.4 ||
 * Butyric acid || 10.9 ||
 * Valeric acid || 9.2 ||
 * Hexanoic acid || 7.98 ||
 * Octanoic acid || 6.31 ||
 * Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid || 8.05 ||
 * Isovaleric acid || 9.05 ||
 * Cyclohexanepropionic acid || 5.84 ||
 * 2-Ethylhexanoic acid || 6.26 ||
 * 3-Mercaptopropionic acid || 11.5 ||
 * Methacrylic acid || 11.8 ||
 * Linoleic acid || 3.21 ||
 * Trichloroacetic acid || 9.91 ||
 * Methoxy acetic acid || 13.0 ||
 * 2-Octenoic acid || 6.63 ||
 * (+)-2-phenyl butyric acid || 6.42 ||
 * 2-Methyl butyric acid || 9.16 ||
 * 2-Ethyl butyraldehyde || 8.12 ||
 * trans-2-hexen-1-al || 8.62 ||

= = =Log=

2008-12-22
13:00 Obtained 19 liquid carboxylic acids and two liquid aldehydes 13:30 Labeled and arranged 21 one dram vials in a sequence 14:00 To each vial methanol (600uL) was added by a micropipettor. Compounds corresponding to vial numbers are listed in the table below 14:35 Using a micropipettor 2mL of each pure sample was added to corresponding vial drop-wise. 15:00 No separation of layers was observed at any point during the addition of pure samples to the vials. In cases of viscous liquids a gently swirl of the solution made it completely miscible in methanol. 16:30 Completed the adding the samples to methanol 16:40 Pictures were obtained after every seven additions of the pure samples to methanol..Timestamps are provided at the bottom of the pics.
 * 1)Formic acid || 2)<span class="wiki_link_ext">Glacial Acetic acid || 3)<span class="wiki_link_ext">Propionic acid || 4)<span class="wiki_link_ext">Butyric acid || 5)Valeric acid<span class="wiki_link_ext"> ||
 * 6)<span class="wiki_link_ext">Hexanoic acid || 7)<span class="wiki_link_ext">Octanoic acid || 8)<span class="wiki_link_ext"> <span class="wiki_link_ext"> Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid || 9)<span class="wiki_link_ext">Isovaleric acid || 10)<span class="wiki_link_ext">Cyclohexanepropionic acid ||
 * 11)<span class="wiki_link_ext">2-Ethylhexanoic acid || 12)3-Mercaptopropionic acid<span class="wiki_link_ext"> || 13)<span class="wiki_link_ext">Methacrylic acid || 14)Linoleic acid || 15)Trichloroacetic acid ||
 * 16)Methoxy acetic acd || 17)2-Octenoic acid || 18)(+)-2-phenyl butyric acid || 19)2-Methyl butyric acid || 20)2-Ethyl butyraldehyde ||
 * 21)trans-2-hexen-1-al ||  ||   ||   ||   ||

2008-12-30
18:00 Made-up 9 solutions of [|methanol] / [|hexanes] to check their miscibility. Solutions of the following compositions were made mL:mL
 * 1:1 || 0.8:1 || 0.6:1 || 0.4:1 || 0.2:1 || 1:0.8 || 1:0.6 || 1:0.4 || 1:0.2 ||