EXP242

=Researcher= Stephanie Costa

=Objective=

To determine the solubility of [|cinnamic acid] in cyclohexane, DMSO and THF. The additive volumes is [|assumptive].

=Procedure=

The solubility of cinnamic acid in cyclohexane, DMSO and THF was tested by first dissolving the cinnamic acid into the solvents with a 50-52C hot water bath. The supernatant of cinnamic acid and cyclohexane was poured off while the test tube was still hot. The supernatant was used for the remainder of the experiment. The solutions were cooled to room temperature. The solubilities were found using the density method.

=Results= [|Calculations sheet]

[|Density Sheet 1]
 * [Good work so far, I updated the density and the value in solsumsheet. AL]**

These are the initial measurements of the reactants in the solubility measurements. Approximately 15 mL of the solvent, DMSO or THF, was added to each test tube Sample 1: 0.20340g of cinnamic acid and cyclohexane Sample 2: 4.2114g of cinnamic acid and DMSO Sample 3: 4.1234g of cinnamic acid and THF

Picture 1

Picture 2

No precipitation was seen in the samples of cinnamic acid with DMSO and THF. Precipitation was seen in the solution of cinnamic acid and cyclohexane. The solubility of cinnamic acid in cyclohexane was found to be 0.0293M at 26C.

=Discussion= The only solubility obtained in this experiment was the solubility of cinnamic acid in cyclohexane. The solubility of cinnamic acid in cyclohexane was 0.0293M.

The solubility of cyclohexane can be seen in the [|model].

The solubility of cinnamic acid in cyclohexane disproves the [|Bio Loom predicted solubility], which predicted a solubility of 0.0021M. This was off by a power of 10.

The predicted solubility of DMSO is 1.972 M. However, no precipitate was formed when a 2M concentration was made. The predicted solubility of THF is 1.890M. However, no precipitate was formed when a 2M concentration was made. These predicted values based on a model can be found on the [|Solvent Selector page].

The solutions might not have precipitated due to too little solute.

=Conclusion=

The objective of this experiment was to determine the solubility of cinnamic acid in cyclohexane, DMSO and THF. The solubility of cyclohexane at 26C was found to be 0.0293M. The solubility of cinnamic acid in DMSO and THF was not found due to no formation of precipitate.

=Log=

2011-11-29
14:09- hot plate was turned on and set to 140C 14:13- 500mL beaker was filled with 450mL of water for the hot water bath. The temperature was 33C. 14:14- the temperature of the hot water bath was 34C. 14:17- the cinnamic acid for sample 1 was weighed out as added to to test tube 1. 14:18- the temperature of the hot water bath was 37C. 14:21- the temperature of the hot water bath was 39C. 14:24- cyclohexane was added to the 3/4th mark (on the test tube) to sample 1 test tube. The temperature of the hot water bath was 41C. 14:25- sample 1 was inverted and parafilm was added around the cap of test tube 1. 14:26- the temperature of the hot water bath was 42C. test tube 1 was left at room temperature. 14:29- the test tube (2) for sample 2 was cleaned and dried. 14:31- the cinnamic acid for sample 2 was weighed out and added to test tube 2. the temperature of the hot water bath was 45C. 14:41- the temperature of the hot water bath was 50C. 14:43- DMSO was added to the 3/4th mark on test tube 2. 14:44- test tube 2 was inverted and parafilm was added around the cap. 14:45- the temperature of the hot water bath was 51C. 14:46- the test tube (3) for sample 3 was cleaned and dried. 14:47- the temperature of the hot water bath was 51.5C. 14:48- the cinnamic acid for sample 3 was weighed out and added to test tube 3. 14:51- the temperature of the hot water bath was 53C. The hot plate was turned down to 100C. 14:56- the temperature of the hot plate was 53C. 15:01- THF was added to the 3/4th mark on test tube 3. The temperature of the hot water bath was 52C. 15:02- test tube 3 was inverted and parafilm was added around the cap. 15:03- the temperature of the hot water bath was 52C. all 3 test tubes were inverted and added to the hot water bath. 15:04- picture #1 was taken. 15:04- the room temperature bath was prepared. the initial temperature of the room temperature bath was 29C. 15:05- the temperature of the hot water bath was 51C. the solute was seen in all three test tubes. 15:07- the temperature of the hot water baht was 51C. Solute was seen in all three test tubes. The temperature of the room temperature bath was 28.5C. 15:09- the temperature of the hot water bath was 51C. the temperature of the room temperature bath was 28.5C. 15:10- all three test tubes were inverted twice and replaced in the hot water bath. 15:12- the temperature of the hot water bath was 50C. the temperature of the room temperature bath was 28.5C. 15:14- the temperature of the hot water bath was 50C. the temperature of the room temperature bath was 28.5C. 15:15- test tube 1 was sonicated for 5 seconds and replaced into the hot water bath. 15:15-test tube 2 was sonicated for 5 seconds and replaced into the hot water bath. 15:16-test tube 3 was sonicated for 5 seconds and replaced into the hot water bath. 15:18- the temperature of the room temperature bath was 28.5C. The temperature was adjusted with cool water. 15:19- all three test tubes were inverted and replaced into the hot water bath. 15:20- the temperature of the hot water bath was 50C. in samples 1 and 3, solute was seen. in sample 2, no solute was seen. 15:24- the temperature of the hot water baht was 50C. the temperature of the room temperature bath was 29C. Ice was added to room temperature bath. 15:25- all three tubes were inverted and replaced into the hot water bath. 15:25- the temperature of the hot water bath was 50C. the temperature of the room temperature bath was 26C. 15:26- solute was seen only in sample 1. no solute was seen in sample 2 or 3. 15:28- all three test tubes were inverted. The temperature of the hot water bath was 50C. the temperature of the room temperature bath was 26C. 15:28- the temperature of the room temperature bath was 26C. 15:33- the temperature of the room temperature bath was 26C. ice was added to the room temperature bath. 15:35- the temperature of the room temperature bath was 27C. ice was added to the room temperature bath. 15:36- a second room temperature bath was started (room temperature bath 2). the initial temperature was 31C. Ice was added to room temperature bath 2. 15:37- samples 2 and 3 were placed into the room temperature bath 1. the temperature of room temperature bath 1 was 27C. ice was added to room temperature bath 1. 15:38- the hot water bath was 50C. the hot plate was turned off. the supernatant of test tube 1 was poured off into a clean test tube. the original test tube 1 was discarded. 15:40- samples 1, 2 and 3 were placed in room temperature 2 bath, which had a temperature of 29C. 15:41- the temperature of the room temperature bath 2 was 29C. ice was added to room temperature 2 bath. 15:43- the temperature of room temperature 2 was 26C. There was precipitate in sample 1. There was not precipitate in sample 2 or 3. 15:44- picture 2 was taken. The temperature of room temperature 2 bath was 26C. Precipitate was seen in sample 1. No precipitate was seen in sample 2 or 3. 15:47- the temperature of the room temperature bath 2 was 27C. Ice was added to room temperature bath 2. 15:49- all three test tubes were sonicated for 10 seconds and replaced into the room temperature bath 2 (26C). 15:51- the density of test tube 1 was started to be measured. the empty 2 mL volumetric flask weighed 8.4035g. Pure cyclohexanol in the 2mL volumetric flask weighed 9.9480g. 15:56- the 2mL volumetric flask was cleaned and dried. The mass of the empty flask was 8.4037g. 15:57- the temperature of the room temperature bath 2 was 26C. Precipitate was seen only in sample 1. 16:02- some of the supernatant from test tube 1 was strained into a vial. 16:05-test tube 1 was replaced into the room temperature bath 2 (26C). the 2mL volumetric flask containing the solution was 9.9515g. 16:08- No precipitate was seen in samples 2 and 3. Precipitate was seen in sample 1. the temperature of the room temperature bath 2 was 26C.

2011-12-8
Confirmation that there was not precipitate in test tubes 2 or 3.